Relativity: An Introduction for Young Readers.
Michael. Chester
Library Binding
(Price Stern Sloan Pub, June 1, 1967)
AT THE TURN of the 20th century, the physical sciences went through a major upheaval. The "classical" theories of 19th century-science collapsed as strange new facts were discovered. Ideas about the structure of matter, the nature of space and time, and the relationship between mass and energy were drastically revised. The only important physical theory to survive the collapse was the classical theory of electromagnetism, formulated by the 19th-century geniuses Faraday and Maxwell. Everything else was changed. One of the events that brought about the upheaval was the Michelson-Morley experiment, performed in 1887. The unexpected results of that experiment seriously disrupted existing ideas of space and time. Then, in 1905, Albert Einstein announced his special Theory of Relativity, describing space and time in strange new ways, thereby resolving the problems caused by the Michelson-Morley experiment. The new theories of physics and Einstein's Theory of Relativity in particular were so strange that they were not easily accepted. To this day, they are surprising and challenging to the imagination. But, now, the physical sciences are based on these new theories. The collapse of the old ideas of space and time and the development of relativity is complex and difficult to describe. It is difficult to describe how a vast body of knowledge, founded largely on erroneous notions, gradually fell. It is difficult to explain why classical physics does not work and why relativity does work. However, now that the upheaval has taken place, now that relativity is a strong, well-established theory, it can be described simply and directly. There is no longer any absolute necessity to examine the collapse of classical mechanics in order to understand relativity. Relativity, when it is looked at separately, apart from the upheaval that preceded it, is not extremely complicated. The entire theory is based on a few elementary facts about the universe.